Thursday, April 3, 2014

The Ten Commandments - Lesson 11: The Ninth Commandment

The Ten Commandments
Lesson 11: The Ninth Commandment


Exodus 20:16 You shall not give false testimony against your neighbor.


Ephesians 4:29 Let no corrupt speech proceed out of your mouth, but such as is good for building up as the need may be, that it may give grace to those who hear.


The Main Points for This Lesson:

This commandment is not simply about telling lies. It refers more specifically to what we say about or against our neighbor.

Bearing false witness takes on many forms: Lying before a judge and court (or more simply to someone in authority) about someone (Proverbs 14:5); Spreading gossip about others (1 Timothy 5:13); Flattering others (Proverbs 26:28; 29:5); Purposefully allowing others to believe what is false by our own silence, or by not giving the whole story; Etc.

Sometimes someone may say or do something that hurts us, and we may be tempted to talk about how bad this person is to others. However, even speaking what is true about a neighbor can (at times) be wrong. If they have wronged us, or if they have sinned, Jesus tells us to go first to that person and speak with them directly (Matthew 18:15-17). If that doesn't work out, then we should ask someone in authority to help with the situation. It is not okay to just talk about the person and what they did to other people (James 4:11-12). When we do that, without first having followed the steps Jesus taught us, we bear false witness about this person. For when we talk about them to others, we are implying that we have already gone to them to work out the problem or sin, and they were totally unwilling to work it out, or to repent. And so we bear false witness against our neighbor.

The sin of bearing false witness comes out of our own heart (Matthew 15:18-20). Many things could be in our heart that lead us to bear false witness against our neighbor: Anger toward someone who hurt us; Revenge; Greed, or a desire to get what someone else has; A desire to be popular (so we gossip about some to impress others); Carelessness or thoughtlessness (so we say true or false things about others without thinking of the consequences to anyone); Etc. If we allow this sin to become a habit, it will grow deep roots within us, and become very hard to remove.

Instead of bearing false witness against our neighbor, we should speak the truth to our neighbor (Ephesians 4:25); We should speak the truth in love (Ephesians 4:15), not in hate, anger or malice; We should not let unwholesome words come out of our mouth, but speak words that are good and helpful to others (Ephesians 4:29). We should speak to and about others as we want others to speak to and about us.


Suggestions:

Open each lesson with prayer for the teacher and the students and this class time.

Read the story of Ahab & Jezebel and Naboth (1 Kings 21:1-19). Ask the children how this commandment was broken, who broke it and why it was broken. What happened to Naboth as a result? Why was God angry with Ahab (v19) if Jezebel is the one who arranged everything?

Read the story of Jesus before the chief priests (Matthew 26:59-61). Ask the children how they would respond if they were treated as Jesus was? How do they think Jesus responded. Read the verses in Isaiah 53:7 and 1 Peter 2:23 and talk about how Jesus did respond and why.

Most children will never stand in a legal court before a judge, but most children will stand before their parents or a teacher at some time and have to explain a situation. Will they speak the truth as they explain what happened, or will they try to make themselves seem better and the other person involved (perhaps their brother or sister) seem worse? Talk with them about this.

Close the lesson with prayer related to the subject and the students. Pray the Lord's Prayer together.


Stories:

1 Kings 21:1-19 [1] After these things, Naboth the Jezreelite had a vineyard, which was in Jezreel, hard by the palace of Ahab king of Samaria. [2] Ahab spoke to Naboth, saying, “Give me your vineyard, that I may have it for a garden of herbs, because it is near to my house; and I will give you for it a better vineyard than it. Or, if it seems good to you, I will give you its worth in money.” [3] Naboth said to Ahab, “May Yahweh forbid me, that I should give the inheritance of my fathers to you!” [4] Ahab came into his house sullen and angry because of the word which Naboth the Jezreelite had spoken to him; for he had said, “I will not give you the inheritance of my fathers.” He laid himself down on his bed, and turned away his face, and would eat no bread. [5] But Jezebel his wife came to him, and said to him, “Why is your spirit so sad, that you eat no bread?” [6] He said to her, “Because I spoke to Naboth the Jezreelite, and said to him, ‘Give me your vineyard for money; or else, if it pleases you, I will give you another vineyard for it.’ He answered, ‘I will not give you my vineyard.’” [7] Jezebel his wife said to him, “Do you now govern the kingdom of Israel? Arise, and eat bread, and let your heart be merry. I will give you the vineyard of Naboth the Jezreelite.” [8] So she wrote letters in Ahab’s name, and sealed them with his seal, and sent the letters to the elders and to the nobles who were in his city, who lived with Naboth. [9] She wrote in the letters, saying, “Proclaim a fast, and set Naboth on high among the people. [10] Set two men, base fellows, before him, and let them testify against him, saying, ‘You cursed God and the king!’ Then carry him out, and stone him to death.” [11] The men of his city, even the elders and the nobles who lived in his city, did as Jezebel had sent to them, according as it was written in the letters which she had sent to them. [12] They proclaimed a fast, and set Naboth on high among the people. [13] The two men, the base fellows, came in and sat before him. The base fellows testified against him, even against Naboth, in the presence of the people, saying, “Naboth cursed God and the king!” Then they carried him out of the city, and stoned him to death with stones. [14] Then they sent to Jezebel, saying, “Naboth has been stoned, and is dead.” [15] When Jezebel heard that Naboth was stoned, and was dead, Jezebel said to Ahab, “Arise, take possession of the vineyard of Naboth the Jezreelite, which he refused to give you for money; for Naboth is not alive, but dead.” [16] When Ahab heard that Naboth was dead, Ahab rose up to go down to the vineyard of Naboth the Jezreelite, to take possession of it. [17] Yahweh’s word came to Elijah the Tishbite, saying, [18] “Arise, go down to meet Ahab king of Israel, who dwells in Samaria. Behold, he is in the vineyard of Naboth, where he has gone down to take possession of it. [19] You shall speak to him, saying, ‘Thus says Yahweh, “Have you killed and also taken possession?”’ You shall speak to him, saying, ‘Thus says Yahweh, “In the place where dogs licked the blood of Naboth, dogs will lick your blood, even yours.”’”

Matthew 26:59-61 [59] Now the chief priests, the elders, and the whole council sought false testimony against Jesus, that they might put him to death; [60] and they found none. Even though many false witnesses came forward, they found none. But at last two false witnesses came forward, [61] and said, “This man said, ‘I am able to destroy the temple of God, and to build it in three days.’”
Through this unfair trial, Jesus held his peace (Matthew 26:63). He entrusted himself to God, and so did not respond with lie for lie, or slander for slander. Trusting in his Father in heaven, he could be at peace and hold his peace.

Acts 6:8-15;7:1,51-60 [8] Stephen, full of faith and power, performed great wonders and signs among the people. [9] But some of those who were of the synagogue called “The Libertines”, and of the Cyrenians, of the Alexandrians, and of those of Cilicia and Asia arose, disputing with Stephen. [10] They weren’t able to withstand the wisdom and the Spirit by which he spoke. [11] Then they secretly induced men to say, “We have heard him speak blasphemous words against Moses and God.” [12] They stirred up the people, the elders, and the scribes, and came against him and seized him, and brought him in to the council, [13] and set up false witnesses who said, “This man never stops speaking blasphemous words against this holy place and the law. [14] For we have heard him say that this Jesus of Nazareth will destroy this place, and will change the customs which Moses delivered to us.” [15] All who sat in the council, fastening their eyes on him, saw his face like it was the face of an angel.
Chapter 7 [1] The high priest said, “Are these things so?”
[51] “You stiff-necked and uncircumcised in heart and ears, you always resist the Holy Spirit! As your fathers did, so you do. [52] Which of the prophets didn’t your fathers persecute? They killed those who foretold the coming of the Righteous One, of whom you have now become betrayers and murderers. [53] You received the law as it was ordained by angels, and didn’t keep it!” [54] Now when they heard these things, they were cut to the heart, and they gnashed at him with their teeth. [55] But he, being full of the Holy Spirit, looked up steadfastly into heaven, and saw the glory of God, and Jesus standing on the right hand of God, [56] and said, “Behold, I see the heavens opened, and the Son of Man standing at the right hand of God!” [57] But they cried out with a loud voice, and stopped their ears, and rushed at him with one accord. [58] They threw him out of the city, and stoned him. The witnesses placed their garments at the feet of a young man named Saul. [59] They stoned Stephen as he called out, saying, “Lord Jesus, receive my spirit!” [60] He kneeled down, and cried with a loud voice, “Lord, don’t hold this sin against them!” When he had said this, he fell asleep.


More Stories and Examples:

Matthew 22:15-22 [15] Then the Pharisees went and took counsel how they might entrap him in his talk. [16] They sent their disciples to him, along with the Herodians, saying, “Teacher, we know that you are honest, and teach the way of God in truth, no matter whom you teach, for you aren’t partial to anyone. [17] Tell us therefore, what do you think? Is it lawful to pay taxes to Caesar, or not?” [18] But Jesus perceived their wickedness, and said, “Why do you test me, you hypocrites? [19] Show me the tax money.” They brought to him a denarius. [20] He asked them, “Whose is this image and inscription?” [21] They said to him, “Caesar’s.” Then he said to them, “Give therefore to Caesar the things that are Caesar’s, and to God the things that are God’s.” [22] When they heard it, they marveled, and left him, and went away.
Here is an example of men using flattery to trap Jesus. They cared nothing for the truth, but only desired to rid themselves of Jesus. And so they were willing to use what might even be true to achieve a wicked end. Although Jesus is honest and teaches God's way in truth, these men were not there to bear true witness of their neighbor (in this case, Jesus), but were there to harm their neighbor. Have they not then broken this commandment, in that they are attempting to use words to overthrow their neighbor.

Deuteronomy 22:13-19 [13] If any man takes a wife, and goes in to her, hates her, [14] accuses her of shameful things, and gives her a bad name, and says, “I took this woman, and when I came near to her, I didn’t find in her the tokens of virginity”; [15] then the young lady’s father and mother shall take and bring the tokens of the young lady’s virginity to the elders of the city in the gate. [16] The young lady’s father shall tell the elders, “I gave my daughter to this man as his wife, and he hates her. [17] Behold, he has accused her of shameful things, saying, ‘I didn’t find in your daughter the tokens of virginity;’ and yet these are the tokens of my daughter’s virginity.” They shall spread the cloth before the elders of the city. [18] The elders of that city shall take the man and chastise him. [19] They shall fine him one hundred shekels of silver, and give them to the father of the young lady, because he has given a bad name to a virgin of Israel. She shall be his wife. He may not put her away all his days.
This story may not be appropriate for K-5th grade classes.


Other Verses:

SLANDER

Psalm 15:1-5 [1] Yahweh, who shall dwell in your sanctuary? Who shall live on your holy hill? [2] He who walks blamelessly does what is right, and speaks truth in his heart; [3] He who doesn’t slander with his tongue, nor does evil to his friend, nor casts slurs against his fellow man; [4] In whose eyes a vile man is despised, but who honors those who fear Yahweh; he who keeps an oath even when it hurts, and doesn’t change; [5] he who doesn’t lend out his money for usury, nor take a bribe against the innocent. He who does these things shall never be shaken.

Psalm 101:1-8 [1] I will sing of loving kindness and justice. To you, Yahweh, I will sing praises. [2] I will be careful to live a blameless life. When will you come to me? I will walk within my house with a blameless heart. [3] I will set no vile thing before my eyes. I hate the deeds of faithless men. They will not cling to me. [4] A perverse heart will be far from me. I will have nothing to do with evil. [5] I will silence whoever secretly slanders his neighbor. I won’t tolerate one who is haughty and conceited. [6] My eyes will be on the faithful of the land, that they may dwell with me. He who walks in a perfect way, he will serve me. [7] He who practices deceit won’t dwell within my house. He who speaks falsehood won’t be established before my eyes. [8] Morning by morning, I will destroy all the wicked of the land; to cut off all the workers of iniquity from Yahweh’s city.

Proverbs 6:16-19 [16] There are six things which Yahweh hates; yes, seven which are an abomination to him: [17] haughty eyes, a lying tongue, hands that shed innocent blood; [18] a heart that devises wicked schemes, feet that are swift in running to mischief, [19] a false witness who utters lies, and he who sows discord among brothers.

Proverbs 10:19 In the multitude of words there is no lack of disobedience, but he who restrains his lips does wisely.

Proverbs 14:5 A truthful witness will not lie, but a false witness pours out lies.

Ephesians 4:31-32 [31] Let all bitterness, wrath, anger, outcry, and slander, be put away from you, with all malice. [32] And be kind to one another, tender hearted, forgiving each other, just as God also in Christ forgave you.


GOSSIP

Proverbs 11:13 One who brings gossip betrays a confidence, but one who is of a trustworthy spirit is one who keeps a secret.

Proverbs 18:8 The words of a gossip are like dainty morsels: they go down into a person’s innermost parts.

Proverbs 20:19 He who goes about as a tale-bearer reveals secrets; therefore don’t keep company with him who opens wide his lips.

Proverbs 26:20-28 [20] For lack of wood a fire goes out. Without gossip, a quarrel dies down. [21] As coals are to hot embers, and wood to fire, so is a contentious man to kindling strife. [22] The words of a whisperer are as dainty morsels, they go down into the innermost parts. [23] Like silver dross on an earthen vessel are the lips of a fervent one with an evil heart. [24] A malicious man disguises himself with his lips, but he harbors evil in his heart. [25] When his speech is charming, don’t believe him; for there are seven abominations in his heart. [26] His malice may be concealed by deception, but his wickedness will be exposed in the assembly. [27] Whoever digs a pit shall fall into it. Whoever rolls a stone, it will come back on him. [28] A lying tongue hates those it hurts; and a flattering mouth works ruin.

1 Timothy 5:13 Besides, they also learn to be idle, going about from house to house. Not only idle, but also gossips and busybodies, saying things which they ought not.


FLATTERY

Proverbs 29:5 A man who flatters his neighbor spreads a net for his feet.

Romans 16:17-18 [17] Now I beg you, brothers, look out for those who are causing the divisions and occasions of stumbling, contrary to the doctrine which you learned, and turn away from them. [18] For those who are such don’t serve our Lord, Jesus Christ, but their own belly; and by their smooth and flattering speech, they deceive the hearts of the innocent.

1 Thessalonians 2:3-7 [3] For our exhortation is not of error, nor of uncleanness, nor in deception. [4] But even as we have been approved by God to be entrusted with the Good News, so we speak; not as pleasing men, but God, who tests our hearts. [5] For neither were we at any time found using words of flattery, as you know, nor a cloak of covetousness (God is witness), [6] nor seeking glory from men (neither from you nor from others), when we might have claimed authority as apostles of Christ. [7] But we were gentle among you, like a nursing mother cherishes her own children.


GO TO YOUR BROTHER FIRST

Matthew 18:15-17 [15] “If your brother sins against you, go, show him his fault between you and him alone. If he listens to you, you have gained back your brother. [16] But if he doesn’t listen, take one or two more with you, that at the mouth of two or three witnesses every word may be established. [17] If he refuses to listen to them, tell it to the assembly. If he refuses to hear the assembly also, let him be to you as a Gentile or a tax collector.

Luke 17:3 Be careful. If your brother sins against you, rebuke him. If he repents, forgive him.

Leviticus 19:15-18 [15] “‘You shall do no injustice in judgment. You shall not be partial to the poor, nor show favoritism to the great; but you shall judge your neighbor in righteousness. [16] “‘You shall not go up and down as a slanderer among your people. “‘You shall not endanger the life of your neighbor. I am Yahweh. [17] “‘You shall not hate your brother in your heart. You shall surely rebuke your neighbor, and not bear sin because of him. [18] “‘You shall not take vengeance, nor bear any grudge against the children of your people; but you shall love your neighbor as yourself. I am Yahweh.
We are told to go to someone who sins and speak directly with them about their sin. When we are unwilling to do that, anger may grow in our heart and turn into hate. The words which should have been spoken in love to our brother or neighbor who sinned, become words of anger or malice spoken to others. Thus, we are guilty of sin.

James 4:11-12 [11] Don’t speak against one another, brothers. He who speaks against a brother and judges his brother, speaks against the law and judges the law. But if you judge the law, you are not a doer of the law, but a judge. [12] Only one is the lawgiver, who is able to save and to destroy. But who are you to judge another?


OUT OF THE HEART

Matthew 15:18-20 [18] But the things which proceed out of the mouth come out of the heart, and they defile the man. [19] For out of the heart come evil thoughts, murders, adulteries, sexual sins, thefts, false testimony, and blasphemies. [20] These are the things which defile the man; but to eat with unwashed hands doesn’t defile the man.”


WHAT TO DO INSTEAD

Ephesians 4:25 Therefore putting away falsehood, speak truth each one with his neighbor. For we are members of one another.

Ephesians 4:29 Let no corrupt speech proceed out of your mouth, but such as is good for building up as the need may be, that it may give grace to those who hear.


EXAMPLE OF JESUS

Isaiah 53:7 He was oppressed, yet when he was afflicted he didn’t open his mouth. As a lamb that is led to the slaughter, and as a sheep that before its shearers is mute, so he didn’t open his mouth.

1 Peter 2:21-23 [21] For to this you were called, because Christ also suffered for us, leaving you an example, that you should follow his steps, [22] who did not sin, “neither was deceit found in his mouth.” [23] Who, when he was cursed, didn’t curse back. When he suffered, didn’t threaten, but committed himself to him who judges righteously;


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